S.Litvin, V.Petrov, M.Rubin

TRIZ Body of Knowledge*

April 2, 2007

Introduction

As TRIZ continues it’s expansion throughout the globe, the further development of TRIZ as a science and a social movement is hindered by a number of factors. Ambiguous and indefinite borders of TRIZ represent one of these factors. Unfortunately, there are currently no TRIZ textbooks or universal TRIZ training programs that are generally accepted by the global TRIZ community. This leads to significant differences in the interpretation of TRIZ, and in some cases, original TRIZ ideas and approaches are corrupted.

The International TRIZ Association (MA TRIZ), Altshuller Institute (AI), and the European TRIZ Association (ETRIA) have mutually agreed to define the TRIZ Body of Knowledge. Taking into account the importance of the task, the founders of the “TRIZ Developers Summit” prepared their vision for subsequent discussion.

We are thankful to L. Kozhevnikova, O. Gerasimov, A. Kislov, A. Gasanov (Russia), B. Zlotin and A. Zusman (USA) for their assistance in preparing this material.

We realize that no social organizations and scientific associations, even the most respected and most numerous, are able to determine the borders of one or another science, including TRIZ. This will take time and generations of people for whom this science is a profession. However, attempts to determine these borders and moreover, open discussion of them by specialists are useful for the development of the theory.

Thus, the main goals of this document are to:

1. Identify what basic approaches, sections, and tools refer to TRIZ, and what do not.

This would not impede developers of “non-TRIZ” approaches and materials to continue their studies and practical work, but would enable (where possible) to reject those materials and specialists, which, acting on behalf of TRIZ, propose things that have nothing to do with TRIZ — starting from elements of Six Sigma and ending with yoga — thus, distorting the notion of TRIZ in the eyes of potential users and neophytes.

2. Upgrade the efficiency of TRIZ development by understanding how TRIZ was developed.

3. Provide an objective basis to certify TRIZ specialists and to minimize disputes regarding the amount of knowledge necessary to be a specialist of one level or another.

Initial positions

Currently, there are many developments describing general approaches and postulates of TRIZ, TRIZ structure and components, and so forth. Also, some other methods that are based on TRIZ have appeared recently — for example, Ideation TRIZ (B.Zlotin and others), TRIZplus and G3:ID (S.Litvin and others), etc. The integration and unification of these developments and approaches is quite a complex task. Therefore, we propose to break down this work into two stages: first to define the borders of classic TRIZ, and then, secondly, to try to expand these borders due to later developments. This approach may seem to be not objective and even voluntary, but it provides a unified basis for the theory: classic TRIZ is TRIZ that was created or approved by G.Altshuller .

Selection Criteria

We realize that an approach to select basic TRIZ knowledge at the 2nd stage should be objective and, theoretically, we put together an action plan to assist in the development:

a. Define TRIZ as a Theory — this should indicate TRIZ functions as well as current and potential scope of applicability;

b. Name the starting points (in other words, postulates) on which TRIZ as a Theory is based;

c. Provide a structure of TRIZ as a system, by associating postulates with functions;

d. Assess the consistency of this method. Leading TRIZ experts should all agree upon this method and verify that everything concurrently satisfying items a, b, and c refers to TRIZ.

However, we would like to emphasize once more that it will take a long time to perform the above-described work and to agree upon the results with all leading developers. And time is pressing — a need for a certain common platform is very urgent (see goals of this document).

We propose to identify the TRIZ Body of Knowledge in two stages:

1. Works of G.S. Altshuller and works of his disciples approved by him.

2. Works of TRIZ developers performed after the death of G.S. Altshuller.

Each of these stages could be discussed and approved separately.

Criteria for Selecting the TRIZ Body of Knowledge at the 1st Stage

We propose to introduce the following criteria for materials and development of the TRIZ Body of Knowledge at the 1st stage:

1. Works authored or co-authored by G.S. Altshuller.

2. Works supervised by G.S. Altshuller (i.e. works that have passed “quality inspection” by G.S. Altshuller)*.

3. Works that were personally approved by G.S. Altshuller*.

All materials included in the TRIZ Body of Knowledge satisfy certain requirements/criteria generally accepted in the TRIZ community:

1. TRIZ methods lean upon the objective trends of evolution of systems (predominantly, engineering systems). These trends are identified based on studying the objective information from different areas of intellectual activities (mainly, inventive);

2. TRIZ is an applied science aimed at developing instrumental methods to effectively solve inventive problems in different engineering fields. TRIZ methods are reproducible and could be taught, including by means of education software;

3. The area of TRIZ studies lies at the intersection between artificial material systems and creative thinking — how these systems are created and developed. The area of TRIZ studies also includes creative work on the whole and the subject of creative activity - creative personality.

Important note: a number of tools developed and used in TRIZ have similar names as methods known prior to TRIZ. A typical example is VEA (Value Engineering Analysis). Approaches and tools of these TRIZ component are fundamentally different from the developments of L. Miles and Yu. Sobolev.

Each of the above-indicated features cannot be used separately from the entire set of criteria. It is necessary to use all of them jointly.

TRIZ Materials

Each of the presented categories of the TRIZ Body of Knowledge is reflected in certain publications (articles, books, methodological guides, and other materials).

For the first stage, it is possible to compile an exhaustive list of reference sources corresponding to the criterion that are selected for this category of knowledge: works by G.S. Altshuller and works approved by him. Different TRIZ-related information funds, reviews, training programs, and other materials could also be used to compile the list.

Based on this literature, it is possible to form sections of TRIZ knowledge. For example, the following training programs approved by G.S. Altshuller are known:

1. A set of training programs developed by G.S. Altshuller “Icarus and Dedalus”[1].

2. Program of the “Methods of scientific and engineering creativity” course taught at the International University of Scientific and Engineering Creativity and Development (IUSECD) of St. Petersburg, approved by G.S. Altshuller[2].

3. Program of the “Innovation technology of design based on TRIZ and VEA” training course developed at the scientific-and-engineering center Invention Machine (St. Petersburg) of the Invention Machine Corporation and approved by G.S. Altshuller[3].

4. Programs of seminars in Moscow, Kishinev, Sverdlovsk, Novosibirsk, Ufa, Angarsk, Chelyabinsk, Dnepropetrovsk, Penza, Simferopol and other cities held by G.S. Altshuller together with other teachers.

5. Programs of the TRIZ and VEA training courses developed at the Kishinev Center “Progress” and approved by G.S. Altshuller[4].

Thus, a structure for the main sections of TRIZ knowledge could be formed based on the selected TRIZ literature.

A list for the second stage should be permanently updated and supplemented. It is important to start with agreeing upon general principles and criteria for forming this bibliographical list.

Sections of TRIZ Body of Knowledge

We have prepared a list of sections for the Basics of TRIZ Knowledge to discuss according to the above-mentioned criteria and publications. When developing the classification, we began with all of G.S. Altshuller’s materials (review “TRIZ-88”[5], program “Icarus and Dedalus”, information materials for trainees), the training program “Methods of scientific and engineering creative activity (MSEC)” approved by G.S. Altshuller, and the publication by L.A. Kozhevnickova “Classification for systematization of TRIZ materials” (www.trizminsk.org/e/248006.htm). We have also taken into account that the proposed structure of the TRIZ sections is intended for developing TRIZ as a theory, not for training and classifying the materials.

Basic TRIZ Sections and Components

1. General issues of the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving

1.1. Inventive situation. Inventive problem[6]. Levels of problem solving (levels of inventions)[7].

1.2. Basic ideas of TRIZ[8].

1.3. Philosophical aspects of TRIZ. Dialectics — philosophical foundation for TRIZ[9].

1.4. System operator. Multi-screen scheme of talented thinking[10].

1.5. Methodology of TRIZ studies[11].

1.6. Methods to transfer solutions and methods by using analogies[12].

2. Methodological tools of TRIZ

2.1. Trends of Engineering Systems Evolution[13]

2.1.1. “Life lines” of engineering systems[14].

2.1.2. Trend of completeness of system parts[15].

2.1.3. Trend of “energy conductivity” of a system[16].

2.1.4. Trend of coordination of system parts rhythmics[17].

2.1.5. Trend of increasing degree of ideality[18]. Ideal method, ideal substance[19]. Mechanisms to enhance ideality[20].

2.1.6. Trimming of systems[21]. Mechanisms for trimming engineering systems[22]. Trend of deployment — trimming[23]

2.1.7. Trend of uneven evolution of system parts[24].

2.1.8. Trend of increasing Su-field degree[25].

2.1.9. Trend of transition to the supersystem. From mono-system to bi-system and poly-system[26].

2.1.10. Trends of transition from the macro-level to the micro-level[27].

2.1.11. Trend of increasing hollowness[28].

2.1.12. Principle of responsiveness[29].

2.1.13. Energy-based analysis of engineering systems[30].

2.1.14. General pattern of engineering systems evolution[31].

2.1.15. Trend of coordination — disagreement[32].

2.1.16. Trend of elimination of human involvement from systems[33].

2.1.17. Trend of increasing dynamicity and controllability[34].

2.2. Algorithm for Inventive Problems Solving (ARIZ)

2.2.1. ARIZ — a program for inventive problem solving by identifying and resolving contradictions. Types of contradictions; administrative, engineering, and physical[35].

2.2.2. Ideal final result (IFR)[36].

2.2.3. Main line for solving ARIZ problems and ARIZ logics[37].

2.2.4. ARIZ — algorithm for inventive problem solving. History of ARIZ development[38]. Structure and basic notions of ARIZ-85В[39].

2.3. Su-field Analysis[40]

2.3.1. Basic notions and rules.

2.3.2. Logics and regularities of Su-field systems evolution.

2.4. Information Fund

2.4.1. Standards for inventive problem solving[41].

2.4.1.1. Standards — system of typical solutions for inventive problems. Structure of the system of standards. History of standards evolution[42] and first 10 standards.

2.4.1.1.1. Standards for modification of systems.

2.4.1.1.2. Standards for measuring and identification of systems.

2.4.1.1.3. Standards for application of standards.

2.4.1.2. System of 76 standards[43].

2.4.2. Problems-analogs[44].

2.4.3. Techniques for resolving contradictions.

2.4.3.1. History of techniques evolution.

2.4.3.2. Techniques for resolving engineering contradictions.

2.4.3.2.1. 40 main techniques[45].

2.4.3.2.2. 10 additional techniques[46].

2.4.3.3. Techniques for resolving physical contradictions.

2.4.3.3.1. Techniques - anti-techniques[47].

2.4.3.3.2. Techniques broken down into groups[48].

2.4.3.3.3. Methods for resolving physical contradictions[49].

2.4.3.4. Macro- and micro-level techniques for resolving contradictions[50].

2.4.4. Effects.

2.4.4.1. The notion of effects. History of effects system evolution[51].

2.4.4.2. Physical effects[52].

2.4.4.3. Chemical effects[53].

2.4.4.4. Biological effects[54].

2.4.4.5. Mathematical effects[55].

2.4.4.5.1. Geometrical effects[56].

2.4.4.6. Engineering effects[57].

2.4.4.7. Psychological effects.

2.4.5. Substance-and-field resources[58].

2.4.5.1. The notion of Substance-and-field resources (SFR).

2.4.5.2. Structure and types of SFR.

2.4.5.3. Methods and methodology for SFR application.

2.4.6. Personal card catalogues[59], corporate card catalogues[60]. Technology for collecting card catalogues and updating them[61].

3. TRIZ and Value Engineering Analysis (VEA)[62]

3.1. Essence of VEA from a TRIZ standpoint[63].

3.2. Theoretical foundations of VEA from TRIZ standpoint. Functional approach developed in TRIZ.

3.3. Use of TRIZ while performing VEA.

3.4. Specific features of conducting VEA at different stages of life cycle of a product from TRIZ standpoint.

3.5. Technology of conducting VEA from TRIZ standpoint.

3.6. TRIZ Analysis[64].

3.7. Methods to Search and Formulate Inventive Problems[65].

3.8. Flow Analysis⁶³.

3.9. Functionally Ideal Modeling (Trimming)⁶³.

3.10. Failure-anticipation Analysis of engineering systems[66].

3.11. Cause/Effect Analysis. Formulation of key problems⁶³.

3.12. Component-and-structural Analysis⁶³.

3.13. Diagnostic Analysis.⁶³.

3.14. Evolutionary Analysis⁶³.

3.15. Function Analysis⁶³.

3.16. Integration of Alternative Systems⁶³.

3.17. Improvement of ES without solving problems (through analysis)[67].

4. Forecasting of Systems Evolution[68]

4.1. Methods of forecasting from a TRIZ standpoint [69].

4.2. Use of TRIZ tools for forecasting the engineering systems evolution. Forecasting methodology[70].

4.3. Long-term Forecasting.

4.3.1.     Long-term forecasting for engineering systems[71]:

4.3.2.     Evolution of human and society[72].

4.3.3.     Identification of new scientific-and-engineering problems and social problems[73].

4.4. Functional structure of information support for forecasting[74].

5. TRIZ and Personal Creativity Evolution

5.1. Development of a creative imagination[75].

5.1.1. Psychological inertia. Methods for eliminating psychological inertia[76].

5.1.2. Control over psychological factors during problem solving.

5.1.3. Role of imagination. System of exercises for development of creative imagination (DCI).

5.1.4. Role of science fiction (SF) in the development of creative thinking. Methodology of work with SF. Prognostic functions of science fiction.

5.1.5. Dimension/Time /Cost (DTC) operator (parametrical operator)[77].

5.1.6. "Smart little people" modeling method (SLPMM)[78].

5.1.7. Fantograms[79].

5.1.8. The goldfish method (method of decomposition and synthesis of fantastic ideas)[80].

5.1.9. Step-by-step designing[81].

5.1.10. Method of associations[82].

5.1.11. Method of tendencies[83].

5.1.12. Method of latent features of an object[84].

5.1.13. Outside point of view[85].

5.1.14. Changing the system of values[86].

5.1.15. Situational tasks[87].

5.1.16. Fantasy techniques (techniques for generating fantastic ideas)[88].

5.1.17. Scale of evaluating SF-ideas "Fantasy-2"[89].

5.2. Theory of creative personality development (TCPD) and life strategy of creative personality (LSCP)[90].

5.2.1. Main features of creative personality.

5.2.2. Worthy Goal (WG). Criteria of WG.

5.2.2.1. List of WG. Start.

5.2.3. Rational program of Creative Personality (CP) life.

5.2.4. How to ensure high efficiency of intellectual activity? Creative personality: techniques of self-control.

5.2.5. Ability to resist difficulties and overcome obstacles.

5.2.6. Ideal life strategy of Creative Personality (CP).

6. TRIZ Outside of Engineering

6.1. Application of TRIZ methods in non-engineering systems[91]^,⁷⁰.

6.2. Application of TRIZ principles in art and literature.

6.2.1. Contradiction in art[92].

6.2.2. Use of TRIZ in literature. Synthesis of fairy tales[93].

6.3. Use of TRIZ principles in biology[94] [95].

6.4. TRIZ in social and engineering systems[96].

6.5. TRIZ in business[97].

6.6. Algorithmization of research problems. Interrelation of TRIZ and science[98].

6.7. Regularities of evolution of teams[99].

* This document represents a starting point for discussion on the Basics of TRIZ Knowledge — at first within the MATRIZ community, and then within the TRIZ community as a whole. Each participant of this discussion may give his/her notes, comments, objections, and amendments — these will be thoroughly analyzed and might be integrated into subsequent versions of this document.

* Works belonging to this category should be confirmed by publications or other documents approved by G.S. Altshuller.

[1] Altshuller G.S. "Icarus and Dedalus". A Set of Training Programs for Schools of Scientific and Engineering Creativity of Young People and for Training Teachers. – Baku, 1985.- 37 p.

[2] Litvin S.S., Kislov A.V., Gerasimov O.M. Program of the Training Course "Methods of Scientific and Engineering Creative Activity" of International University of scientific and engineering activity (IUSEA) of Saint Petersburg. – Saint Petersburg: IUSEA, 1997. (Agreed – President of МАTRIZ - G.S.Altshuller. Approved - Rector of IUSEA - V.V.Mitrofanov). The program was published in "TRIZ Journal", No. 2 (15) April, 2006, p.p. 40-45).

[3] Kislov A.V., Judin Ju.A. Program of the Training Course "Innovative Technology of Design Based on TRIZ and VEA". – Saint Petersburg: Invention Machine Corporation – Engineering center "Invention machine", 1998. - p. 5. (Approved – Vice-President of Invention Machine Corporation - President of Engineering center "Invention machine" - S.S.Litvin. Approved – President of МАTRIZ - G.S.Altshuller).

[4] The textbooks prepared by Boris Zlotin and Alla Zusman describe the content of Kishinev School programs:

Search for New Ideas: from Insight to Technology (Theory and Practice of Inventive Problem Solving) / G.S.Altshuller, B.L.Zlotin, A.V.Zusman, V.I.Filatov.. - Kishinev, Kartia Mldoveniaske, 1989. - 381 p.
Zlotin N.L., Zusman A.V. Month under Stars of Fantasy. - Kishinev: Lumina, 1988, 271 p.

Zlotin N.L., Zusman A.V. An Inventor Came to the Lesson. - Kishinev: Lumina, 1990, 246 p.

Zlotin N.L., Zusman A.V. Solving of Research Problems. - Kishinev: Scientific Center "Progress", Kartia Mldoveniaske, 1991, 204 p.

[5] Altshuller G.S. Theory of Inventive Problem Solving. - Angarsk, 1988. - 35 p. http://www.altshuller.ru/engineering16.asp

[6] Altshuller G.S., Selyutsky A.B. Wings for Icarus: How to solve inventive problems. – Petrozavodsk, Karelia, 1980. – 224 p. (p. 36-39).

Altshuller G.S. Inventive Problems - Daring Formulae of Creativity / (Compiled by A.B.Selyutsky). – Petrozavodsk: Karelia, 1987. – 269 p. – (Engineering - Young people - Creativity), p. 15-29.

Altshuller G.S. Process of Inventive Problem Solving: Main Stages and Mechanisms 06.04.75 http://www.altshuller.ru/triz1.asp

[7] Altshuller G.S. Algorithm of Inventive Activity. 2nd edition. M., Moskovsky rabotchy, 1973, 2nd edition, p. 23-47. http://www.altshuller.ru/triz/levels.asp

Altshuller G. The Innovation Algorithm. TRIZ, Systematic Innovation and Technical Creativity. Technical Innovation Center, Inc. Worcester, MA, 1999. 312 p., ISBN 0964074044 (p. 37-55).

Altshuller G.S. Levels of Inventions. Altshuller G.S. Daring Formulae of Creativity / (Compiled by A.B.Selyutsky). – Petrozavodsk: Karelia, 1987. – 269 p. – (Engineering - Young people - Creativity), p. 22-25.

[8] Altshuller G.S. Theory of Inventive Problem Solving. - Angarsk, 1988. - 35 p. http://www.altshuller.ru/engineering16.asp

Altshuller G.S. Fundamental Ideas of TRIZ - Daring Formulae of Creativity / (Compiled by A.B.Selyutsky). – Petrozavodsk: Karelia, 1987. – 269 p. – (Engineering - Young people - Creativity), p. 57-80.

Altshuller G.S., Zlotin B.L., Zusman A.B. Theory and Practice of Inventive Problems Solving. Methodological recommendations. – Kishinev, 1989. - 127 p. (p. 53-57).

Altshuller G.S. Prospects of TRIZ Evolution: Record of speech at the 3-rd Meeting of TRIZ Association (Petrozavodsk, 30.10-3.11.1990) - TRIZ Journal.. - 1990. - No. 1.2. - p. 4-5.

Ivanov G.I. And Start Inventing: a book in popular science.- Irkutsk: East Siberian book publishing.1987.-240 p.

[9] Altshuller G.S. Dialectics of Inventive Activity. - Altshuller G.S. Algorithm of Inventive Activity. 2nd edition. - M: Moskovsky rabotchy publishers, 1973, p. 99-120.

Zhuckov R.F., Petrov V.M. Modern Methods of Scientific and Engineering Creative Activity (based on an example of ship-building industry). Guidebook. – L.: IPK SP, 1980. – 88 p. (p. 53-58). http://www.trizminsk.org/e/247009.htm

Lymarenko A.A. TRIZ as Applied Dialectics. -TRIZ Journal, 1993.Angarsk variant(electronic version), p.53-57.

[10] Altshuller G.S. Structure of Talented Thinking - Altshuller G.S. Creativity as an Exact Science. Theory of Inventive Problem Solving. - M.: Sovietskoje radio, 1979.-184 p. - Kibernetika. (p. 66-69)

Zlotin N.L., Zusman A.V. Topics of Research Work. Paper at Petrozavodsk-85 Conference. 45 p.

[11] Altshuller G.S. How to Conduct Research in the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving . - Baku, 1979. - 9 p. (manuscript)

[12] Kengerli T.A. Transfer of Engineering Solutions in Inventive Activities. Baku: Non-governmental laboratory for methodology of inventive activity under Central council of All-Russia Society of Inventors and rationalizers Materials for seminar of teachers of invention methodology, 1973, http://www.metodolog.ru/00635/00635.html

[13] Altshuller G.S. Trends of engineering systems evolution. – Baku, 20.01.1977.- 15 p. (Manuscript).

Altshuller G.S. Trends of systems evolution. - Altshuller G.S. Creativity as an Exact Science. Theory of inventive problem solving. - М.: Sovietskoje radio, 1979.-184 p. – Kibernetika. (p. 122-127) http://www.altshuller.ru/triz/zrts1.asp

Altshuller G.S., Selyutsku A.B. Wings for Icarus: How to solve inventive problems. – Petrozavodsk: Karelia, 1980. – 224 p. (p. 93-117).

Petrov V.M. Trends of engineering systems evolution. – Methodology and methods of engineering creative activity. - Abstracts of papers for the scientific conference held from June 30 till July 2 1984 - Novosibirsk, 1984, p. 52-54.

Kondrakov I.M. Dynamization of Engineering Systems. – Abstracts of papers for the scientific conference held from June 30 till July 2 1984 - Novosibirsk, 1984, p. 70-72.

Altshuller G.S. Trends of Engineering Systems Evolution. - Altshuller G.S. Daring Formulae of Creativity.- Daring Formulae of Creativity/ (Compiled by A.B.Selyutsky). – Petrozavodsk: Karelia, 1987. – 269 p. – (Engineering - Young people - Creativity), p. 61-65.

Zlotin B.L., Zousman A.V. Trends of Engineering Systems Evolution and Forecasting of Engineering Systems: Methodological recommendations. - Kishinev, Kartia Mldoveniaske, 1989.-114 p.

Altshuller G. Zlotin B., Zusman A. and Filatov V. Tools of Classical TRIZ. Ideation International Inc. 1999. – 266 с.

[14] Altshuller G.S. "Life lines" of Engineering Systems - Altshuller G.S. Creativity as an Exact Science. Theory of Inventive Problem Solving. – M.: Sovietskoje radio, 1979, 184 p. – Kibernetika, p. 113-119. http://www.altshuller.ru/triz/zrts4.asp

Altshuller G.S. Forecasting the Engineering Systems Evolution. – Baku, 1975. – 13 p. (Manuscript) http://www.altshuller.ru/triz/zrts3.asp

Altshuller G.S. Main Stages of Engineering Systems Evolution. - Altshuller G.S. Daring Formulae of Creativity.- Daring Formulae of Creativity/ (Compiled by A.B.Selyutsky). – Petrozavodsk: Karelia, 1987. – 269 p. – (Engineering - Young people - Creativity), p. 25-29.

[15] Altshuller G.S. Trends of Engineering Systems Evolution. – Baku, 20.01.1977.- 15 p. (Manuscript)

Altshuller G.S. Trends of Systems Evolution. - Altshuller G.S. Creativity as an Exact Science. Theory of Inventive Problem Solving. - M.: Sovietskoje radio, 1979..-184 p. - Kibernetika. (p. 122-127) http://www.altshuller.ru/triz/zrts1.asp

[16] Altshuller G.S. Trends of Engineering Systems Evolution. – Baku, 20.01.1977.- 15 p. (Manuscript)

Altshuller G.S. Trends of Systems Evolution. - Altshuller G.S. Creativity as an Exact Science. Theory of Inventive Problem Solving. - M.: Sovietskoje radio, 1979. 184p. - Kibernetika. (p. 122-127) http://www.altshuller.ru/triz/zrts1.asp

[17] Altshuller G.S. Trends of Engineering Systems Evolution. – Baku, 20.01.1977.- 15 p. (Manuscript)

Litvin S.S. Coordination of Engineering Systems. – Abstracts of papers for the scientific conference held from June 30 till July 2 1984 - Novosibirsk, 1984, p. 70-72.

[18] Altshuller G.S. Trends of Engineering Systems Evolution. – Baku, 20.01.1977.- 15 p. (Manuscript)

Mitrofanov V.V. Few Thoughts on Ideality. – TRIZ Journal, 1993. Angarsk version (electronic version), p. 45-47.

[19] Kagan E.L. Concept of Construction of Ideal Substance Model. – Abstracts of papers for All-Union scientific conference "Problems of development of scientific and engineering creative activity" (Tbilisi, September 30 - October 2 1987). V.1 - Moscow: VSNTO, 1987. – p.96-98.

Fey V. In Search for Ideal Substance. – TRIZ Journal, V.1, No.1/90, p.36-41, V.1, No.2/90, p.31-40.

Fey V. In Search for Ideal Substance. - Chance for Survival. Compiled by A.B.Selyutsky - Petrozavodsk: Karelia, 1991. 304 p. – (Engineering - Young people - Creativity), p. 174-220.

[20] Gerasimov V., Litvin S. Mechanisms for Enhancing Ideality of Engineering System in VEA. – L. 1985, 6 p. (Manuscript) – Petrozavodsk -85.

Petrov V.М. Idealization of Engineering Systems. - District Scientific-and-Practical Conference "Problems of Development of Scientific and Engineering Creativity of Engineers". Abstracts of reports. Gorky, 1983, p. 60-62. http://www.trizland.ru/trizba/pdf-books/zrts-08-ideal.pdf

Salamatov Yu.P. Evolution of Substance in Engineering Systems. – Abstracts of papers for the scientific conference held from June 30 till July 2 1984 - Novosibirsk, 1984, p. 64-66.

Salamatov Yu.P., Kondrakov I.M. Certain Specific Features of Ideal Engineering Systems. – Abstracts of papers for the scientific conference held from June 30 till July 2 1984 - Novosibirsk, 1984, p. 64-66.

[21] Gerasimov V., Litvin S. Taking Regularities of Engineering Evolution into Account when Conducting VEA of Technological Processes. Practice of conducting VEA in electro-engineering industry. Ed. By M.G.Karpunin. M., Energoatomizdat, 1987, p. 193-210.

Gerasimov V.M., Kalish V.S., Karpunin M.G., Kuzmin A.M., Litvin S.S. Basics of Methodology for Conducting VEA: Methodological recommendations. M.: Inform-VEA, 1991, 40 p.

Gerasimov V.M., Litvin S.S. Unified TRIZ-VEA System. – TRIZ Journal, No. 3.2.92 , p.7-45.

[22] Vertkin I. Mechanisms for Trimming Engineering Systems. – Baku, 1984, 8 p. (Manuscript).

[23] Search for New Ideas: from Insight to Technology (Theory and Practice of Inventive Problem Solving) / G.S.Altshuller, B.L.Zlotin, A.V.Zusman, V.I.Filatov.. - Kishinev, Kartia Mldoveniaske, 1989. - 381 p.
(p. 51).

[24] Altshuller G.S. Trends of Engineering Systems Evolution. – Baku, 20.01.1977.- 15 p. (Manuscript)

[25] Altshuller G.S. Trends of Engineering Systems Evolution. – Baku, 20.01.1977.- 15 p. (Manuscript)

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